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Medicines > classes : Antidepressant or Botanical or Sedative-hypnotic

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generic:
brand:
None (33)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
GABAA positive allosteric modulator (15) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (non-benzodiazepine) (3) · Irreversible non-selective MAO inhibitor (3) · Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (3) · Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (3) · None (2) · Contains LSA (2) · Contains mescaline (2) · GABAA potentiator and direct activator (2) · Melatonin receptor agonist (2) · Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (2)
uses:
None (70) · Depression, anxiety, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, chronic musculoskeletal pain (1) · No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1)
starting dose:
None (70) · 25 mg (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1)
preparations:
None (70) · 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg tablets; oral concentrate 20 mg/mL (1) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1)
fda max:
None (70) · 200 mg/d (1) · N/A (never approved) (1)
routes:
None (69) · intranasal; rectal and IV reported. (1) · Oral (3) · sublingual (1)
onset:
None (69) · Anxiolysis classically 3-4 weeks, continuing improvement to 8-12 weeks (1) · Mood: 2–4 weeks. Pain: often within 1–2 weeks. (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)
duration:
None (69) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1) · Chronic daily dosing (1) · Long (1)
halflife:
None (69) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · ~12 hours (1) · ~26 h (sertraline; range 13-45 h, longer in females); ~62-104 h (N-desmethylsertraline, weakly active) (1)
bioavailability:
None (69) · Absolute bioavailability not precisely characterized; food modestly increases exposure (1) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · ~50% (highly variable) (1)
pregnancy:
None (69) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) · Category C (1) · Category C'"`UNIQ--ref-0000008F-QINU`"' (1)
legal:
None (70) · Rx-only (1) · Rx-only in US (1)

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